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U.S. Route 35

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U.S. Route 35 marker

U.S. Route 35

Map
US 35 in red, US 35 Bus. in blue
Route information
Length417.73 mi[a] (672.27 km)
Major junctions
South end I-64 / CR 33 in Teays Valley, WV
Major intersections
North end US 20 near Michigan City, IN
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesWest Virginia, Ohio, Indiana
CountiesWV: Putnam, Mason
OH: Gallia, Jackson, Ross, Fayette, Greene, Montgomery, Preble
IN: Wayne, Randolph, Henry, Delaware, Grant, Howard, Cass, Pulaski, Starke, LaPorte
Highway system
US 34US US 36
WV 34WV WV 36
SR 34OH SR 35
US 33IN US 36

U.S. Route 35 (US 35) is a United States Highway that runs southeast-northwest for approximately 412 miles (663 km) from the western suburbs of Charleston, West Virginia to northern Indiana. Although the highway is physically southeast-northwest, it is nominally north–south. The highway's southern terminus is in Teays Valley, West Virginia, near Scott Depot, at Interstate 64 (I-64).[5] Its northern terminus is near Michigan City, Indiana, at US 20. The West Virginia portion of the highway is mostly expressway, becoming a freeway shortly before it crosses the Ohio River into Ohio. The Ohio portion has been upgraded to a four-lane highway/freeway between the West Virginia state line and Trotwood, west of Dayton.

Route description

[edit]

US 35 is signed north-south in West Virginia and Indiana, while in Ohio it is signed east-west.

West Virginia

[edit]
View south along US 35 at CR 3/6 near Couch, West Virginia

As of November 11, 2021, the final West Virginia portion of the highway has been expanded to four lanes, mostly along a completely new route.[6]

In Putnam County, the roadway that becomes US 35 is a short, four-lane, divided, unsigned US 35 Spur running northward from Teays Valley Road toward I-64 on the edge of Scott Depot in Teays Valley. Remaining on the edge of Scott Depot, and now at the edge of Teays Valley, the roadway reaches US 35's southern terminus at its junction with I-64,[5] where the route becomes an expressway.

US 35's junction with I-64 is a hybrid semi-directional T/diamond interchange. All movements between US 35 and I-64 are free-flowing, except for eastbound I-64 to northbound US 35. The interchange also handles movements between I-64 and the US 35 spur similar to a diamond interchange.

Proceeding north from I-64, US 35 has two intersections, followed by an interchange with West Virginia Route 34 (WV 34). There follow a number of intersections along the route, with one being an indirect connection to WV 817, the former path of US 35. The next major junction is WV 869, which travels across the Kanawha River on the Lower Buffalo Bridge (often referred to as the "Buffalo Bridge"), connecting via WV 62 to the town of Buffalo and the nearby, large Toyota engine and transmission plant. The route continues as an expressway.

At WV 2, which leads to Point Pleasant, there is a partial cloverleaf interchange with six ramps; all movements are free-flowing except for northbound US 35 to southbound WV 2, and from southbound WV 2 to southbound US 35; the interchange is partially in Henderson. At this point, US 35 becomes a freeway and remains so, as it immediately crosses the Ohio River on the Silver Memorial Bridge, and enters Ohio.

Ohio

[edit]
KML is not from Wikidata

US 35 is signed east-west in Ohio, an exception to the numbering scheme for US Highways, which calls for odd-numbered routes to be signed north-south, as is US 35 in West Virginia and Indiana.

Continuing as a freeway, US 35 crosses the Ohio River from West Virginia on the Silver Memorial Bridge, and enters Gallia County, Ohio. The first, partial interchange, providing a westbound exit and an eastbound entrance, is with State Route 7 (SR 7), just outside the village of Gallipolis. Just after that, still, outside the village, the highway passes adjacent to the Gallia–Meigs Regional Airport within Gallipolis; there is another partial interchange, providing an eastbound left exit and a westbound left entrance to SR 735, which connects to SR 7.

From there, US 35 continues west, where there is a hybrid interchange with an unusual configuration at SR 160. SR 160 roughly parallels US 35 to the south; there is a westbound exit to SR 160 north which uses a flyunder ramp, an eastbound entrance from SR 160 south, and an eastbound entrance from SR 160 north. Additionally, another fly under ramp from SR 160 north merges with the westbound exit ramp; that exit ramp, in turn, splits to form an entrance ramp to westbound US 35. This interchange lacks an eastbound exit. As SR 160 turns north, it diverges from US 35, which travels somewhat northwest. There, US 35 once again meets SR 160, this time at a partial interchange with an eastbound exit and a westbound loop ramp entrance.

Turning more west-northwest, there is an interchange at SR 850 (Rodney Pike), followed by a rest area in each direction. Approaching the edge of Rio Grande, the route turns west and then west-southwest, where there is an interchange at SR 325.

Past the village, the highway travels northwest and becomes a four-lane, at-grade expressway when it reaches the Gallia County village of Centerville; here there is an intersection with SR 279 west.

Traveling north-northwest and northwest into Jackson County, the expressway configuration continues until SR 327, where there is a grade-separated, one-quadrant interchange, with the connecting road in the southeast quadrant of the junction. The road resumes as an at-grade expressway, approaching and then skirting the edge of Jackson.

The route then reaches a grade-separated, right-in/right-out interchange; westbound there is a right-in/right-out at Keystone Furnace Road; eastbound there is a right-in/right-out at McCarty Lane; these roads are connected via Industry Drive and Acy Avenue, which overpasses US 35.

Next, there is an unusual interchange configuration at SR 32/SR 124, which is an expressway in both directions. Each highway has ramps that exit to the other highway, with right-turning traffic merging onto the second highway, but left-turning traffic coming to an at-grade intersection. Both highways end up having at-grade intersections, albeit with grade separation of the main highway corridors. This interchange type is sometimes termed a "windmill" interchange, but it is not related to the interchange type of the same name. This junction is the only interchange of its type known to exist in the world.

Soon after passing the last interchange and still skirting Jackson, the highway once again becomes a freeway and has an interchange at Pattonsville Road/Broadway Street. Turning briefly north, then northwest, the route leaves Jackson and reaches an interchange with SR 93. It next has an interchange with Jackson County Road 84 (Chillicothe Pike).

After the last interchange, the highway becomes an at-grade expressway for about 12 miles (19 km). Along this section, there is a rest area next to the westbound lanes but accessible from both directions, with additional access via Cain Road (Jackson Township Road 213).

US 35 then turns roughly west, entering Ross County and reaching an interchange with Vigo Road/Watson Road at Richmond Dale. At this point the route again becomes a freeway. Turning north and northwest, the section between Richmond Dale and Chillicothe includes a large cut through a 1,000-foot (300 m) ridge and provides westbound motorists with a panoramic view of the Scioto River valley.

Southeast of Chillicothe, westbound US 50 joins US 35 in a concurrency at a hybrid interchange; similar to a diamond interchange, the exit ramp from US 35 east carrying US 50 east becomes a two-way road, curves around and crosses over US 35 about 12 mile (0.80 km) east; the other ramps connect to this overpass. Next, US 50 west leaves the concurrency at a partial interchange at Eastern Avenue; there is only a westbound exit and an eastbound entrance. Then, the US 23 north freeway joins US 35 in a concurrency at a partial-Y interchange; there is an eastbound exit and a westbound left entrance.

Turning north-northwest, US 35 skirts Chillicothe to the east, coming to an interchange at Main Street. Turning northwest, the US 23 north freeway leaves the concurrency at a partial-Y interchange; there is a westbound exit and an eastbound left entrance.

Turning west and skirting through city boundaries, there is a partial cloverleaf interchange with five ramps at SR 159 (Bridge Street); there is a loop ramp from northbound Bridge Street and a directional ramp from southbound Bridge Street to westbound US 35. Travelers eastbound near this interchange can see the hills that are shown on the Great Seal of the State of Ohio.

Turning northwest, just outside the city limits, there is an interchange at SR 104 (High Street). The next, partial interchange, is at Pleasant Valley Road/Egypt Pike with a westbound exit and an eastbound entrance (via Larrick Lane). Continuing along, there is an interchange at Ross County Road 550/Pleasant Valley; despite this junction being a regular service interchange, it is configured as a hybrid trumpet interchange. Next is an interchange at Ross County Road 87, near Frankfort. Continuing, there is an interchange at SR 138.

Entering Fayette County, the road turns west-northwest, bypassing south of Washington Court House. The next major junction is with I-71 near Jeffersonville; rather than have a direct interchange, each freeway indirectly connects to the other via interchanges with SR 435.

As the route continues through flat farmlands, it enters Greene County, bypasses north of Jamestown and south of Xenia.

Past the Xenia bypass, the road reverts to an at-grade expressway. As of November 2021, the traffic pattern has been officially switched to the U.S. 35 Superstreet at both intersections of Orchard Lane and Factory Road in Beavercreek, according to the Ohio Department of Transportation. [7]

US 35 once again returns to freeway status at the North Fairfield Road interchange in Beavercreek. It next has a full-access interchange with I-675, also in Beavercreek.

The highway crosses the Great Miami River in Dayton, Ohio

Several miles later, in Montgomery County, the road opens into a three-lane highway (with five lanes in some parts) each way through downtown Dayton. Turning west, the highway has a full-access interchange with I-75 in downtown Dayton. Past I-75, the route becomes an expressway, with a mix of interchanges and at-grade intersections.

After entering Drexel, just west of Dayton, the highway turns north. At the border with Trotwood, the route turns due west on West Third Street/Eaton Pike; the roadway that had carried US 35 continues as an at-grade expressway SR 49 (the "Northwest Connector" or the "Trotwood Connector"). The roadway carrying US 35, now two lanes and undivided, travels through New Lebanon as Main Street.

US 35 then enters Preble County and travels through West Alexandria as Dayton Street. The route next proceeds to Eaton; after passing through downtown as Main Street, the route turns northwest onto Eaton Richmond Pike (Main Street continues as SR 122). The highway travels toward I-70 near New Paris, widens to four lanes as it approaches SR 320, turns north and briefly becomes four lanes undivided, then reduces to single-lane ramps and merges with the Interstate at a partial interchange. Running concurrently with I-70, US 35 travels approximately two miles (3.2 km) to the Indiana state line.

Indiana

[edit]

US 35 enters Wayne County, Indiana with I-70 and passes north of Richmond, before splitting off on the northwest side of Richmond. US 35 then travels in a northwesterly path as a winding two-lane highway, passing through agricultural land, and through intersections with State Road 38 (SR 38), SR 1 and, in Randolph County, US 36. The highway then passes through a corner of Henry County, with no major junctions.

In Delaware County, the highway reaches the edge of the city of Muncie, where it merges with SR 3 and SR 67 as a four-lane expressway. The expressway heads north, skirting the east side of Muncie, passing over the White River and through interchanges with Memorial Drive in unincorporated Center Township and SR 32 in Muncie. Continuing along the east edge of Muncie, there is a right-in/right-out intersection in both directions with East Centennial Avenue and an intersection with East McGalliard Road. Northeast of Muncie, at the border of unincorporated Center Township and Hamilton Township, there is an intersection with East Riggin Road. Shortly thereafter, SR 67 splits off the expressway at an interchange, followed by a partial interchange with Old State Road 3, leading back into Muncie. Soon after the expressway ends, with the roadway becoming a two-lane highway.

Near the town of Royerton, US 35 turns west onto SR 28, toward I-69, as SR 3 continues north. After a short overlap with SR 28, US 35 turns north onto I-69.

US 35 overlaps I-69, passing into Grant County, through an interchange with SR 26, to SR 22, where US 35 leaves I-69 and heads west on SR 22 to travel through the cities of Gas City and, in Howard County, Greentown. Just east of Kokomo, US 35 turns north onto the US 31 freeway. It overlaps US 31 for only 4.5 miles (7.2 km), to a partial interchange where it splits off, heading west as a two-lane roadway. US 35 passes just north of a Chrysler manufacturing plant before an intersection with SR 931, the former route of US 31. The roadway briefly widens to a four-lane divided highway at a partial interchange with Davis Road, which connects from Kokomo. US 35 leaves the Kokomo area heading northwest into Cass County, toward Logansport.

As US 35 nears Logansport, the roadway becomes a four-lane expressway, just prior to its intersection with US 24. The expressway bypasses Logansport to the south as part of the Hoosier Heartland Highway. There is a northbound (westbound) exit to Monticello Road, the former routing of these highways. Northbound US 35 and westbound US 24 exit the Hoosier Heartland Highway at a split diamond interchange and run concurrently along the interchange's westbound one-way frontage road, having a very short overlap with SR 25 (southbound US 35 and eastbound US 24 run concurrently along the eastbound one-way frontage road, also overlapping SR 25). US 35 and US 24 then turn northwest from the frontage road onto another expressway on the west edge of Logansport. Along the roadway, there is an intersection with the aforementioned Monticello Road and a two-quadrant interchange with Old State Road 25. After crossing the Wabash River, the overlapped routes have a final interchange where US 24 exits heading due west, while US 35 continues north-northwest.

Northern terminus of U.S. Route 35, located east of I-94 near Michigan City, IN

Soon after US 24 leaves US 35, US 35 narrows back to a two-lane road and travels through the town of Winamac, in Pulaski County. Once in Starke County, the route travels through the town of Knox. In Davis Township, near Hamlet, the US 30 expressway provides an interchange. After entering LaPorte County, US 35 travels to the community of South Center in Union Township; there it turns west on US 6 (the US 35 roadway continues north as South County Road 300 E). The route next turns north-northwest until it leaves the concurrency with US 6 northward in Washington Township, near Kingsbury. Turning northwest, US 35 travels through the city of La Porte; in northwestern La Porte, an intersection with SR 39 provides access to the Indiana Toll Road/I-80/I-90. US 35 next crosses under the Indiana Toll Road with no direct interchange access, in unincorporated Center Township. Farther northwest, US 35 has its northern terminus where it meets US 20 in Springfield Township, just east of an interchange with I-94, near Michigan City.

Logansport issues

[edit]

Logansport area residents, the sheriff's department and at least one transportation expert have voiced concerns about the split diamond interchange used on the Logansport section of the Hoosier Heartland Highway. From the interchange's opening in October 2013 through February 28, 2016, there had been 71 two-vehicle crashes at or near the interchange, 53 of those at the interchange's four intersections, two fatalities, and a number of injuries. Possible causes for the accidents include drivers' unfamiliarity with this type of interchange, which is typically built in cities, and is not common in semi-rural small towns; drivers' mistaking the frontage roads for entrance ramps and not stopping when required; the complexity of four major traffic routes converging on one interchange; ramp/frontage traffic controlled by stop signs alone, with cross-traffic not having to stop; stop signs not clearly visible at the crest of the exit ramps. In response, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) 2014 added signage, placed flashing lights on the stop signs, and installed rumble strips. These steps reduced, but did not eliminate the problems, with one of the fatalities taking place after these fixes. INDOT was planning by spring 2016 to add overhead flashers, move the stop signs to more visible positions, install channelizing islands and increase overhead intersection lighting.[8]

History

[edit]

West Virginia

[edit]

Originally, US 35 was routed from Charleston, West Virginia, on the north side of the Kanawha River (the current WV 62) to Point Pleasant until the collapse of the Silver Bridge in 1967. When the new Silver Memorial Bridge was completed in 1969, US 35 was moved to the south side of the river (the former WV 17) away from Point Pleasant, and its southern terminus was in St. Albans, West Virginia, at the junction of US 60.

Before funding was made available to convert US 35 to an expressway, a possibility had been put forward that the route would have been completed as a toll road.[9]

Prior to June 15, 2009, US 35 was relocated onto a new four-lane, mostly at-grade, expressway alignment running from I-64 in Teays Valley to a point about 1.1 miles (1.8 km) before the Lower Buffalo Bridge, for a length of 11.3 miles (18.2 km). On that date, the old segment of US 35 between US 60 and the Lower Buffalo Bridge was signed as WV 817.

Prior to July 2011, the expressway segment of US 35 between Beech Hill, near the junction with WV 817 north, and near Henderson was completed, tying into some older expressway segments in the Henderson area and crossing the Silver Memorial Bridge. This had an approximate total length of 9.9 miles (15.9 km).

The remaining 15.4-mile (24.8 km) section of two-lane roadway from about 1.1 miles (1.8 km) before the Lower Buffalo Bridge to Beech Hill, near the junction with WV 817 north, was completed and opened to traffic on November 11, 2021. This section had a $174 million contract awarded on June 2, 2015 for its completion. The section was tentatively to have been completed by fall of 2019,[10] but the West Virginia Department of Transportation originally extended the completion date to August 2021, but then that was delayed to November 11, 2021.[11] The speed limit for all of US 35 within West Virginia is 65 mph.

Ohio

[edit]

Before the adoption of the U.S. Highway System in 1926, the route in Ohio was known in its entirety as SR 11.[12] By 1966, the first freeway portion of the route began construction, comprising the Chillicothe bypass.[13]

Freeway portions on the east side of Dayton and south side of Xenia were completed by 1971,[14] and around Washington Court House by 1974.[15]

Before 1988, westbound traffic on US 35 west of I-75 in Dayton turned north along Williams Street, then was routed along West Third Street (eastbound traffic on West Third Street turned south on Broadway Street back to US 35); on October 25, 1996, a new expressway alignment through west Dayton, known as the "US 35 West" project, was completed.[16][17] This portion of the route in Dayton west of I-75 is designated the "C. J. McLin Jr. Parkway", in honor of the late state representative who advocated for and worked toward the construction of "US 35 West".[16][17]

The portion of US 35 from Drexel to SR 320 is the only two-lane, an undivided section of the route remaining in Ohio. US 35 is a major Appalachian Development Highway System Corridor linking I-70 and points west to I-64 and points east.

The portion of the route within Gallia County is designated the "Bob Evans Highway", in honor of the restaurateur and pork sausage marketer who spent most of his life in the county.[18]

The portion of the route between Gallipolis and Jackson is designated as part of the Welsh Scenic Byway by the Ohio Department of Transportation, celebrating Welsh immigrants who settled in southeastern Ohio during the 19th century.[19]

The interchange at North Fairfield Road in Beavercreek opened on October 25, 2003.[20] As part of the project, the existing ramp from State Route 835 (Research Boulevard) to westbound US 35 was removed, with the area converted to wetlands, and part of the pavement used as a connection to a regional rail trail.[21]

The section between Richmond Dale and Chillicothe was upgraded to a freeway in 2005.

On August 26, 2015, the at-grade intersection with Keystone Furnace Road and McCarty Lane at the JacksonLick Township line was converted into a right-in/right-out interchange.[22][23]

In Beavercreek as of November 2021, the traffic pattern has been officially switched to the U.S. 35 Superstreet at both intersections of Orchard Lane and Factory Road, according to the Ohio Department of Transportation. [7]

Indiana

[edit]

The first signed road along the what would later become US 35 was SR 35, which ran from west of Jonesboro and Kokomo, and SR 15 from Burlington to Michigan City. In 1926 state road numbers were changed; SR 35 became SR 18 and SR 15 became SR 29.[24] Many changes took place in 1930 along what would later become US 35, the first of which was a state road proposed between SR 38, near Richmond, and Muncie. This was followed by SR 21 being added to the state road system between Muncie and St. Anthony, and a state road being proposed between St. Anthony and SR 9 west of Jonesboro. The last change in 1930 was a proposed state road between Kokomo and Burlington.[25][26]

Between late 1930 and early 1932 SR 21 was added to the state road system between SR 38 and Muncie and between St. Anthony and Jonesboro. At the same time SR 18 became SR 22 and was extended east through Jonesboro and west to Burlington. Also during this time frame a state road was proposed between Kokomo and Logansport.[26][27] In late 1932 or early 1933 SR 21 was paved between Richmond and Muncie and SR 22 was paved between Kokomo and Burlington.[28][29]

US 35 was first designated in the state of Indiana in 1935, US 35 was routed from the Ohio state line, near Richmond, to Michigan City, via Muncie, Kokomo, Burlington and Logansport, along SR 21, SR 22 and SR 29.[30][31] At this time the Indiana State Highway Commission authorized the addition of SR 17 between Kokomo and Logansport. The construction on the authorized segment of SR 17 began between 1939 and 1941, with the construction being completed by 1942.[32][33][34] US 35 was rerouted away from Kingsbury between 1942 and 1945, with the old route through the town becoming SR 829.[34][35]

The multi-lane road of US 35 from US 6 to La Porte opened either in 1951 or 1952.[36][37] The US 35 designation was rerouted onto SR 3 and SR 28 between Munice and St. Anthony between 1956 and 1957.[38][39] The old route of US 35 became locally maintained roads and streets. The bypass of Jonesboro was completed in either 1965 or 1966, and US 35 was routed along it from SR 15 to the west; east of SR 15 was signed as only SR 22.[40][41] In 1967 or 1968 US 35 was rerouted onto SR 28, I-69, and SR 22 from St. Anthony to Jonesboro. The old route of US 35 became county roads or city streets.[42][43]

By 1970 US 35 was rerouted onto US 31 (now SR 931) to bypass downtown Kokomo.[44][45] US 35 was rerouted onto SR 3 to bypass downtown Muncie between 1972 and 1973.[46][47] By 1974 US 35 was rerouted away from downtown Logansport on the a bypass around the south and east sides of the city.[47][48] The US 35 designation in Richmond was moved onto I-70 between 1997 and 1999.

In October 2008 the Indiana Department of Transportation and the City of Michigan City came to an agreement for the city to assume maintenance of the segment of US 35 from the US 20/SR 212 interchange to US 12.[49] The city did so in October 2009, and the former segment of US 35 became known as Michigan Boulevard.[49][50] INDOT submitted an application in October 2008 to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) to extend the decommissioning of US 35 to include the entire portion of the roadway from the east junction with US 20, through the US 20/SR 212 interchange, to US 12. INDOT still had signage, however, that indicated US 35 overlapped US 20 to the US 20/SR 212 interchange,[51][52] which was not corrected until 2019.

New bypass roads in Kokomo and Logansport opened in 2013 and US 35 was rerouted along both new roadways.[53][54][55]

Major junctions

[edit]
StateCountyLocationmi[b]kmExit[56]DestinationsNotes
West VirginiaPutnamTeays Valley−0.20−0.32 Teays Valley Road (CR 33) – St. Albans, Scott DepotContinuation as unsigned US 35 Spur
0.000.00Southern end of expressway
I-64 – Huntington, St. Albans, CharlestonSouthern end of US 35; hybrid interchange; I-64 exit 40
2.54.0 WV 34 / CR 13 (Poplar Fork Road) – WinfieldInterchange
5.89.3
To WV 817 (via CR 817/2)
Intersection
12.420.0
To WV 62 (via WV 869) / Shamrock Lane – Buffalo, Eleanor
Interchange; western end of WV 869; access to WV 817
MasonBeech Hill26.542.6
To WV 817
Intersection
33.553.9

To WV 817 / CR 175 (Lock Eleven Road)
Intersection
Henderson35.857.6Northern end of expressway; southern end of freeway
WV 2 – Point Pleasant, HuntingtonPartial cloverleaf interchange
Ohio River36.58
174.433
58.87
280.723
Silver Memorial Bridge; West Virginia–Ohio state line
OhioGalliaGallipolis Township174.238280.409174 SR 7 – Pomeroy, GallipolisWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
173.769279.654173
SR 735 to SR 7 – Pomeroy, Gallipolis
Eastbound left exit and westbound left entrance; western end of SR 735
GallipolisGreen
township line
170.647–
169.975
274.630–
273.548
169 SR 160 – Vinton, GallipolisHybrid interchange; no eastbound exit
Springfield Township169.319272.493169 SR 160 – Vinton, GallipolisEastbound exit and westbound entrance
165.473266.303165 SR 850 (Rodney Pike)
Raccoon TownshipRio Grande line160.679258.588160 SR 325 – Vinton, Rio Grande
Western end of freeway; eastern end of expressway
Raccoon Township157.596253.626
SR 279 west – Centerville (Thurman post office), Oak Hill
Intersection; eastern end of SR 279
JacksonBloomfield Township148.248238.582
SR 327 north – Wellston, Cooper Hollow Wildlife Area
One-quadrant interchange; southern end of SR 327
Lick TownshipJackson line143.868231.533Keystone Furnace Road / McCarty LaneInterchange: right-in/right-out in both directions
Lick Township142.863229.916142B SR 32 / SR 124 – Athens, Cincinnati"Windmill" interchange
142.268228.958Western end of expressway; eastern end of freeway
142APattonsville Road / Broadway Street
140.728226.480140 SR 93 – Coalton, Jackson
CoalLiberty
township line
138.418222.762138
US 35 Bus. – Jackson (Chillicothe Pike)
Western end of freeway; eastern end of expressway
RossJefferson Township126.368203.370Western end of expressway; eastern end of freeway
126Vigo Road / Watson Road – Richmond Dale
LibertySpringfield
township line
117.388188.918117
US 50 east – Athens
Hybrid interchange; eastern end of US 50 overlap
Scioto Township115.858186.455115


US 50 west (Eastern Avenue) to US 23 south
Western end of US 50 overlap; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
115.218185.42543B


US 23 south to US 50 west – Portsmouth, Waverly
Eastern end of US 23 overlap; eastbound exit and westbound left entrance
Scioto TownshipChillicothe line113.948183.38244

To US 50 west / Main Street – Chillicothe
Scioto Township112.908181.70846
US 23 north – Columbus
Western end of US 23 overlap; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Scioto TownshipChillicothe line112.068180.356112



SR 159 / US 23 Bus. (Bridge Street) to US 23 north / SR 207 – Kingston, Columbus
Partial cloverleaf interchange
Scioto Township110.858178.409110


SR 104 (High Street) to SR 207 / US 23 north
Union Township108.978175.383108
To US 50 / Pleasant Valley Road / Egypt Pike
Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
107.068172.309107County Road 550 – Pleasant ValleyHybrid trumpet interchange
Concord Township100.088161.076100County Road 87 – Frankfort
97.088156.24897 SR 138 – Greenfield, Clarksburg
FayetteUnion Township85.531137.64985 SR 753 – Greenfield, Washington Court House
83.672134.65783 SR 41 – Greenfield
82.517–
82.084
132.798–
132.101
82 US 22 / US 62 / SR 3 – Washington Court House, HillsboroRamps connect to a pair of two-way frontage roads, each of which runs between US 62 and US 22/SR 3
80.169129.01980Palmer Road
JasperJefferson
township line
72.666116.94572
SR 435 to I-71
Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; I-71's interchange with SR 435 lies between US 35's two interchanges with SR 435
Jefferson Township70.361113.23570
SR 435 to I-71 – Columbus, Cincinnati
Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; western end of SR 435
GreeneJamestown63.766102.62164 SR 72 – Jamestown, Cedarville
Silvercreek Township62.01299.79962Old US 35 – Jamestown
Xenia Township55.53889.38055Bickett Road (US 35 Bus.)
Xenia TownshipXenia line53.12585.49653 US 68 (Home Avenue) – Wilmington
51.221–
51.203
82.432–
82.403
51 US 42 – LebanonSigned as exits 51B (north) and 51A (south)
Xenia50.52281.30750Lower Bellbrook Road
XeniaXenia Township
Beavercreek Township tripoint
48.24377.64048

US 35 Bus. east (West Main Street) – Xenia
US 35 west merges onto US 35 Bus. roadway; US 35 east has a left exit to US 35 Bus.
47.376.147N. Valley Road/Trebein RoadNew interchange to replace existing traffic signal
Western end of freeway; eastern end of expressway
Beavercreek43.750–
43.421
70.409–
69.879
Western end of expressway; eastern end of freeway
44
SR 835 west (Research Boulevard) / North Fairfield Road
Eastern end of SR 835; eastbound US 35 is signed for North Fairfield Road only
42.77868.84543 SR 835 (Research Boulevard)Eastbound exit only
41.64867.02642 I-675 – Cincinnati, ColumbusWestbound US 35 uses collector–distributor lane; exits 13A and 13B on I-675
GreeneMontgomery
county line
BeavercreekRiverside
city line
41.17966.271Dayton–Xenia Road / Linden AvenueEastbound exit and westbound entrance
MontgomeryRiverside40.02064.406 Woodman Drive (SR 835)Western end of SR 835
Dayton39.00062.764Smithville Road
37.84060.898Steve Whalen Boulevard
36.94059.449Keowee Street / Wayne AvenueWestbound exit is attached to Steve Whalen Boulevard exit; access from northbound Keowee Street to westbound US 35 via Wayne Avenue
36.290–
36.190
58.403–
58.242
SR 48 (Main Street) / Jefferson Street
35.97057.888Ludlow Street / Perry Street
35.66057.389Bridge over the Great Miami River
35.29056.794
I-75 / SR 4 north – Cincinnati, Toledo
Stewart Street
I-75 exit 52; eastern end of SR 4 overlap (ODOT makes this claim; signage would appear to disagree); ramps to southbound I-75 and from northbound I-75 include entrances and exits for Stewart Street
34.31055.217James H. McGee Boulevard
Western end of freeway; eastern end of expressway
33.47053.865Abbey AvenueIntersection; the Wright Company factory site, which later housed the Dayton-Wright Company, is located at the corner of Abbey Avenue and West Third Street
32.59052.449
Gettysburg Avenue (SR 4 south)
Interchange; western end of SR 4 overlap (ODOT makes this claim; signage would appear to disagree)
31.68050.984Liscum DriveIntersection
Jefferson Township (Drexel)30.98049.857Infirmary RoadIntersection
Jefferson Township (Drexel)—Trotwood line30.22048.634
SR 49 north – Greenville
US 35 turns west on West Third Street/Eaton Pike; roadway continues as at-grade expressway SR 49; southern end of SR 49
Western end of expressway
PrebleWest Alexandria17.22027.713 SR 503 (Main Street)
Eaton11.92019.183
SR 122 east (South Franklin Street)
Eastern end of SR 122 overlap
11.68018.797
US 127 / SR 732 south (Barron Street) – Fort St. Clair
Northern end of SR 732
11.42018.379
SR 122 west (West Main Street)
Western end of SR 122 overlap; US 35 turns northwest off Main Street as Eaton Richmond Pike
Jackson Township2.3803.830
SR 320 north
Southern end of SR 320
JacksonJefferson
township line
1.6602.672Eastern end of freeway
1
I-70 west – Indianapolis
Eastern end of I-70 overlap; US 35 west merges onto freeway; eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit 1 on I-70
 0.0000.000Ohio–Indiana state line
IndianaWayneWayne Township0.2570.414156 US 40 (National Road) – Lewisburg, OhioExit 156 on I-70; signed as exits 156B (east) and 156A (west)
3.5855.769153 SR 227 – Union CityExit 153 on I-70
5.1558.296151 US 27 (Chester Boulevard)Single-point urban interchange; exit 151 on I-70
7.09311.415149B
I-70 west / Williamsburg Pike/Tom Raper Way – Indianapolis
Northern end of I-70 overlap; US 35 north departs freeway; US 35 south merges with freeway, roadway continues as Williamburg Pike/Tom Raper Way; exit 149B on I-70
Northern end of freeway
Webster Township8.36613.464
SR 38 west – Greensfork, Hagerstown, New Castle
Eastern end of SR 38
Dalton Township23.00137.017 SR 1
RandolphUnion Township27.05543.541 US 36 – Summit Lake State Park
Henry
No major junctions
DelawareCenter TownshipMuncie line40.90465.829Southern end of expressway


SR 3 south / SR 67 south – New Castle, Muncie, Ball State University
Interchange; southern end of SR 3/SR 67 overlap; US 35 north merges onto expressway; no access from US 35 north to SR 3 south / SR 67 south or SR 3 north / SR 67 north to US 35 south
Center Township42.50868.410Memorial DriveInterchange
Muncie43.50670.016 SR 32 – Winchester, MuncieInterchange
Hamilton Township47.01075.655
SR 67 north (Broadway) – Portland
Interchange; northern end of SR 67 overlap
47.65076.685Muncie (Old State Road 3 south) – Ball State UniversityInterchange; southbound exit and northbound entrance
Northern end of expressway
49.89980.305

SR 3 north / SR 28 east – Hartford City, Albany
Northern end of SR 3 overlap; southern end of SR 28 overlap
Harrison Township59.92496.438Southern end of freeway
245

I-69 south / SR 28 west – Alexandria, Indianapolis
Southern end of I-69 overlap; northern end of SR 28 overlap; US 35 merges onto freeway; exit 245 on I-69
GrantJefferson Township70.157112.907255 SR 26 – Fairmount, Hartford CityExit 255 on I-69
Gas CityJefferson Township
Monroe Township tripoint
74.241119.479259

I-69 north / SR 22 east – Fort Wayne, Upland, Taylor University
Northern end of I-69 overlap; southern end of SR 22 overlap; US 35 departs freeway; exit 259 on I-69
Northern end of freeway
Jonesboro78.546126.408
SR 15 north – Indiana Wesleyan University
Southern end of SR 15
MillFranklin
township line
81.105130.526 SR 9 – Anderson, Marion
Franklin Township82.221132.322 SR 37 – Elwood, Marion
Sims Township89.138143.454
SR 13 / SR 19 north – Elwood, Swayzee, Wabash
Southern end of SR 19 overlap
HowardGreentown96.099154.656
SR 213 south – Windfall
Northern end of SR 213
HowardTaylor
township line
100.033160.988
SR 19 south – Tipton, Wildcat Creek Reservoir Park
Northern end of SR 19 overlap
102.898165.598Southern end of freeway
162

US 31 south / SR 22 east – Kokomo, Indianapolis
Southern end of US 31 overlap; western end of SR 22 overlap; western end of the eastern segment of SR 22; US 35 merges onto freeway; exit 162 on US 31
Center Township105.968170.539165Touby Pike – AirportExit 165 on US 31
Howard Township107.361172.781166
US 31 north – South Bend
Northern end of US 31 overlap; northbound exit and southbound entrance; US 35 departs freeway; exit 166 on US 31
Northern end of freeway
HowardClay
township line
108.229174.178

SR 931 to US 31 north – Peru, Kokomo
Clay Township110.415177.696Kokomo, Downtown (Davis Road)Interchange; southbound exit and northbound entrance
CassGalveston113.356182.429 SR 18
Walton119.925193.001 SR 218
Washington Township125.940202.681Southern end of expressway

US 24 east – Fort Wayne
Intersection; southern end of US 24 overlap
Logansport129.207207.939No Name (Monticello Road)Interchange; northbound exit only; former US 24 west / US 35 north
Washington Township129.854208.980Northern end of expressway


SR 25 north / SR 329 south – Rochester
Split diamond interchange, together with interchange for SR 25 south; southern end of SR 25 overlap; northern end of SR 329; US 35 departs expressway and travels along frontage road
Washington TownshipLogansport line130.129209.422

SR 25 south / SR 29 south – Lafayette, Indianapolis
Split diamond interchange, together with interchange for SR 25 north; northern end of SR 25 overlap; US 35 turns north from frontage road onto other expressway
Southern end of expressway
LogansportEel Township line130.929210.710Old State Road 25Two-quadrant interchange
EelNoble
township line
132.287212.895


US 24 west / US 24 Bus. east – Logansport, Monticello
Interchange; northern end of US 24 overlap
Northern end of expressway
Royal Center141.679228.010 SR 16 – Monon
PulaskiWinamac155.561250.351
SR 119 south (Washington Street)
Northern end of the southern section of SR 119
156.058251.151 SR 14 (11th Street)Southern end of SR 14 overlap
156.184251.354
SR 14 east
Northern end of SR 14 overlap
StarkeCalifornia Township166.257267.565
SR 10 east – Bass Lake
Southern end of SR 10 overlap
167.638269.787
SR 10 west – North Judson
Northern end of SR 10 overlap
Knox172.655277.861
SR 8 east (East Culver Road)
Southern end of SR 8 overlap
Center Township174.659281.086
SR 8 west – LaCrosse, Hebron, Airport, Kankakee State Fish Wildlife Area
Northern end of SR 8 overlap
Davis Township179.953289.606 US 30 – Valparaiso, PlymouthThis junction is an interchange on the US 30 expressway
LaPorteSouth Center186.239299.723
US 6 east – Walkerton
Southern end of US 6 overlap; US 35 turns west onto US 6; roadway continues as South County Road 300 E
Washington Township191.181307.676
US 6 west – Gary
Northern end of US 6 overlap; US 35 turns north
La Porte198.058318.743

SR 2 / SR 39 south (Lincolnway) to SR 4
Southern end of SR 39 overlap
199.947321.784

SR 39 north to Indiana Toll Road – New Buffalo, Michigan
Northern end of SR 39 overlap
Springfield Township205.440330.624
US 20 to I-94 – South Bend, Michigan City, Gary, Detroit, Chicago
Northern end of US 35
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
[edit]

West Virginia spur route

[edit]

Spur plate.svg

U.S. Route 35 Spur marker

U.S. Route 35 Spur

LocationTeays Valley, West Virginia
Length0.20 mi[1] (320 m)

U.S. Route 35 Spur (US 35 Spur) is the unsigned continuation of US 35 past its southern end at I-64.

Xenia business route

[edit]

Business plate.svg

U.S. Route 35 Business marker

U.S. Route 35 Business

LocationXenia, Ohio
Length5.7 mi[57] (9.2 km)

Jackson business route

[edit]

Business plate.svg

U.S. Route 35 Business marker

U.S. Route 35 Business

LocationJackson, Ohio
Length5.79 mi (9.32 km)

The route runs from US 35 at the Chillicothe Pike exit to US 35 at the SR 32/SR 124 exit.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Total mileage is the sum of the state mileages.[1][2][3][4]
  2. ^ Mileposts reset at state line crossings. In Ohio, US 35 is considered an east–west highway, its mileposts run from west to east.[1][2][3][4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "All Routes" (ESRI shapefile). West Virginia Department of Transportation. June 20, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  2. ^ a b Google (August 23, 2017). "US 35 in West Virginia" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Roadway Description Inventory Report — DESTAPE". Ohio Department of Transportation. March 6, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b Indiana Department of Transportation (July 2015). Reference Post Book (PDF). Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Transportation. I-69, I-70, US 24, US 31, US 35. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  5. ^ a b "West Virginia US 35 Deletion Request" (PDF). West Virginia Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 11, 2008 – via American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
  6. ^ Steelhammer, Rick (July 1, 2020). "All-four-lane US 35 expected to be traffic-ready in July 2021". Charleston Gazette-Mail. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "U.S. 35 Superstreet in Greene County now officially open to traffic – WHIO TV 7 and WHIO Radio". Whio.com. November 4, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  8. ^ Gerber, Carson (February 28, 2016). "Hoosier Heartland Highway: A dangerous road". Kokomo Tribune. Retrieved December 16, 2017. ... split-diamond interchange ... probably Indiana's most common ... design Note: Source probably meant diamond interchange.
  9. ^ Steelhammer, Rick (July 1, 2020). "All four lanes of US 35 expected to be traffic ready in July 2021". Charleston Gazette-Mail. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
  10. ^ "More Than $174 Million Contract Awarded to Finish U.S. 35 in W.Va". WSAZ-TV. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  11. ^ "Ribbon-cutting celebration scheduled for final section of U.S. 35".
  12. ^ Ohio Department of Highways and Public Works (August 1925). Map of Ohio Showing State Routes (PDF) (Map). 1:760,320. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways and Public Works. OCLC 5673562.
  13. ^ Ohio Department of Highways (1966). Official Highway Map (PDF) (Map). c. 1:563,200. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways. § G13. OCLC 5673562.
  14. ^ Ohio Department of Highways (1971). Official Highway Map (PDF) (Map). 1:554,400. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways. §§ C12–D12. OCLC 5673562.
  15. ^ Ohio Department of Transportation (1974). Ohio Transportation Map (PDF) (Map). 1:554,400. Columbus: Ohio Department of Transportation. § F12. OCLC 5673562.
  16. ^ a b Staff (October 20, 1996). "The Chronology of U.S. 35 West". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved September 2, 2017 – via NewsBank.
  17. ^ a b Ali, Derek (October 26, 1996). "New Section of U.S. 35 Opens". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved September 2, 2017 – via NewsBank.
  18. ^ "5533.83 Bob Evans Highway". Ohio Revised Code. May 18, 2005. Retrieved August 29, 2017 – via LAW Writer.
  19. ^ Ohio Department of Transportation. "Ohio Scenic Byways: Welsh". Ohio Department of Transportation. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  20. ^ Staff (October 25, 2003). "Regional Headlines". Dayton Daily News. p. B1. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  21. ^ Chow, Andrew (October 26, 2001). "ODOT to Review Interchange Plans". Dayton Daily News. p. 6B. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
  22. ^ Fuller, Kathleen (Public Information Officer) (August 26, 2015). "U.S. 35 Grade Separation - Closer To Completion, Keystone Furnace Scheduled To Reopen". News Release. Ohio Department of Transportation, District 9. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  23. ^ Staff (August 26, 2015). "Keystone Furnace Road reopens". The Jackson County Telegram. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  24. ^ "Road Numbers to Be Changed". The Hancock-Democrat. September 30, 1926. Retrieved August 24, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  25. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1930). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). Indiana State Highway Commission. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  26. ^ a b Indiana State Highway Commission (August 1, 1930). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). Indiana State Highway Commission. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  27. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (January 1, 1932). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:660,000. Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 53092152. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  28. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (September 30, 1932). State Highway System of Indiana (PDF) (Map). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission. Retrieved August 24, 2017 – via Indiana University Bloomington Libraries.
  29. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (February 1933). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:618,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 53355434. Retrieved August 24, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  30. ^ "Seven Changes in Route Numbers on Indiana Highways". The Rushville Republican. February 18, 1935. pp. 1, 6. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  31. ^ "Alter Numbers of Seven State Roads". The Daily Clintonian. February 18, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  32. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1939). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:633,600. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 64016573. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  33. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1941). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:633,600. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 64574634. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  34. ^ a b Indiana State Highway Commission (1942). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:720,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 64382867. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  35. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1945). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:633,600. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 123132182. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  36. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1951). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:660,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 64558142. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  37. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1952). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:660,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 55533635. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  38. ^ Indiana State Highway Department (1956). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). 1:660,000. Indiana State Highway Department. OCLC 64383090. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  39. ^ Indiana State Highway Department (1957). State Highway System of Indiana (Map). Indiana State Highway Department. OCLC 78547924. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  40. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1965). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1965–1966 ed.). 1:630,980. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 53370381. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  41. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1966). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1966–1967 ed.). 1:640,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 65209231. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  42. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1967). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1967–1968 ed.). 1:640,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 65221593. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  43. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1968). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1968–1969 ed.). 1:640,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 65221736. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  44. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1969). Indiana State Highway System (Map). 1:631,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 314731307. Retrieved August 24, 2017 – via Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau.
  45. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1970). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1970–1971 ed.). 1:640,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 65221477.
  46. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1972). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1972–1973 ed.). 1:640,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 65333830.
  47. ^ a b Indiana State Highway Commission (1973). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1973–1974 ed.). 1:633,900. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 501330315, 65333444.
  48. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1974). Indiana State Highway System (Map) (1974–1975 ed.). 1:640,000. Indiana State Highway Commission. OCLC 65332954.
  49. ^ a b "Boulevard Soon Under City's Control". The News Dispatch. Michigan City, IN. August 17, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  50. ^ "City to Get Check for 'Boulevard'". The News Dispatch. Michigan City, IN. October 29, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  51. ^ Indiana Department of Transportation (August 25, 2008). "An Application from the State Highway or Transportation Department of Indiana" (PDF). Indiana Department of Transportation. Retrieved August 23, 2017 – via American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
  52. ^ Indiana Department of Transportation (July 2016). Reference Post Book (PDF). Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Transportation. US 35. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  53. ^ "New US 31 Bypass Opens in Kokomo". South Bend Tribune. Associated Press. November 26, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  54. ^ Kirk, Mitchell (October 24, 2013). "Officials Celebrate Hoosier Heartland Opening Connecting Fort Wayne and Lafayette". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  55. ^ Fetting, Brian (October 17, 2013). "Entire Hoosier Heartland Highway Open Friday". Indianapolis, IN: WTHR-TV. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  56. ^ District 8 (September 18, 2014). "D08-sign-fy2015" (PDF). Ohio Department of Transportation. PID: 87029, Federal Project No. E110(748), Contract Number: 148032. Retrieved September 2, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  57. ^ Google (August 24, 2017). "Xenia Business Route" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
[edit]
KML is not from Wikidata